地球科学与环境学报
JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES AND ENVIRONMENT
2005 Vol.27 No.4 P.8-13


北美地区大湖水位的变化研究

William A. Gough 

摘 要:在数十年来大湖水位变化历史记录背景下,考察了近年来大湖处于低水位的问题,并且比较了下游湖区水位最近的回升与上游湖区持续的低水位状况,探讨了气候变化对大湖水位的潜在影响.
关键词:水位;大湖;加拿大;气候变化
分类号:P343.3;P341 文献标识码:A

文章编号:1672-6561(2005)04-0008-06

Water Levels of the Great Lakes of North America

William A. Gough(Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto at Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Scarborough, Ontario, Canada M1C 1A4) 

AbstractThe low Great Lakes water levels of recent years are reviewed and placed in the context of variations over many decades of recorded water levels. The recent recovery of the lower lakes is contrasted with the continued lower levels in the upper lakes. The potential impact of climate change on Great Lakes water levels is explored.
Keywords:water levels; Great Lakes; Canada; climate change

基金项目:State Administration Of Foreign Experts Affairs, New development in water resources and environment
作者简介:William A. Gouph, Ph. D. , Associate Professor of University of Toronto, Main research field is global environment and climate change.
作者单位:William A. Gough(多伦多大学士嘉堡校区,自然科学与环境科学系,多伦多 1265,安大略,加拿大) 

参考文献:

[1]Scott R W,Huff F A.Impacts of the Great Lakes on regional climate conditions[J].Journal of Great Lakes Research,1996,22:845-863.
[2]Gough W A,Rozanov Y.Aspects of Toronto's climate:heat island and lake breeze[J].Canadian Meteorological and Oceanographic Society Bulletin,2001,29 :67 - 71.
[3]Angel J R,Isard S A.The frequency and intensity of Great Lakes cyclones[J].Journal of Climate,1998,11:61 - 71.
[4]Mortsch L D.Assessing the impact of climate change on the Great Lakes shoreline wetlands[J].Climatic Change,1998,40:391-416.
[5]Brinkmann W A R.Causes of variability in monthly Great Lakes water supplies and lake levels[J].Climate Research 2000,15:151-160.
[6]Changnon S A,Changnon J M.History of the Chicago diversion and future implications[J].Journal of Great Lakes Research,1996,22:100 - 118.
[7]He C S.Modeling hydrologic impact of withdrawing the great lakes water for agricultural irrigation[J].Journal of the American Water Resources Association,1997,33:1055 - 1068.
[8]Gabriel A O,Kreutzwiser R D,Stewart C J.Great Lake flood thresholds and impacts[J].Journal of Great Lake Research,1997,23:286-296.
[9]Lee D H,Clites A H,Keillor J P.Assessing risk in operational decisions using Great Lakes probabilistic water level forecasts[J].Environmental Management,1997,21:43-58.
[10]Quinn F H,Croley T E,Kunkel K,et al.Laurentian Great Lakes hydrology and lake levels under the transposed 1993Mississippi river flood climate[J].Journal of Great Lakes Research,1997,23 :317 - 327.
[11]Meadows G A,Meadows L A,Wood W L,et al.The relationship between great lakes water levels,wave energies,and shoreline damage[J].Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,1997,78:675-683.
[12]Mortsch L D,Hengeveld H,Lister M,et al.Climate change impacts on the hydrology of the Great Lakes-St.Lawrence System[J].Canadian Water Resources Journal,2000,25:153- 179.
[13]Croley T E,Lee D H.Evaluation of Great-Lakes net basin supply forecasts[J].Water Resources Bulletin,1993,29:267 -282.
[14]Carter T,Parry M,Nishioka S,et al.Technical guidelines for assessing climate change impacts and adaptations[C]//Climate Change 1995 Impacts,Adaptations and Mitigations of Climate Change:Scientific-Technical Analyses.Cambridge University Press.Cambridge,UK.1996:879.
[15]Mortsch L D,Quinn F H.Climate change scenarios for Great Lakes Basin ecosystem studies[J].Limnology and Oceanography,1996,41:903 - 911.
[16]Kunkel K E,Changnon S A,Croley T E,et al.Transposed climates for study of water supply variability on the Laurentian Great Lakes[J].Climatic Change,1998,38:387 - 404.
[17]Croley T E,Quinn F H,Kunkel K E,et al.Great Lakes hydrology under transposed climates[J].Climatic Change,1998,38:405-433.
[18]Chao P.Great Lakes water resources:Climate change impact analysis with transient GCM scenarios[J].Journal of the American Water Resources Association,1999,35 :1499 - 1507.
[19]Hostetler S W,Small E E.Response of North American freshwater lakes to simulated future climates[J].Journal of the American Water Resources Association,1999,35:1625 - 1637.
[20]Kattenberg A,Giorgi F,Grassl H,et al.Climate ModelsProjections of Future Climate In Climate Change 1995 The Science of Climate Change [M].Cambridge University Press,1996.
[21]Changnon S A,Glantz M H.The Great Lakes diversion at Chicago and its implications for climate change[J].Climatic Change,1996,32; 199 - 214.
[1]Gough W A,Lelasseux S.Surface observation of Toronto,Ontario's urban heat island.The Great Lakes Geographer (submitted).2004.

收稿日期:2004年12月20日

出版日期:2005年12月31日

请看PDF全文