西北干旱区水资源的合理开发利用与荒漠化防治

陈梦熊　

摘　要：西北干旱区分布的巨大内陆盆地,如准噶尔、塔里木、柴达木盆地和河西走廊等,被认为是典型的戈壁沙漠地区,约占国土总面积的25%.由冰雪融水与降水补给形成的山区河流,流入山前平原,在戈壁带入渗地下,转化为地下水,并在绿洲带溢出地表,成为绿洲耕地的主要灌溉水源.自20世纪50年代以来,由于大规模的水利化建设,导致水资源条件发生巨大变化,生态环境严重恶化,最终导致大片土地荒漠化.因此,重点论述干旱区在人类经济活动影响下,水文系统的演变及其与水环境和生态环境之间的相互影响、相互制约关系.
关键词：水文系统;地表径流;地下水;绿洲;荒漠化;盆地系统;水文地质分带;生态环境
分类号：P641　文献标识码：A
文章编号：1672-6561(2005)04-0001-07

Rational Development and Utilization of Water Resources Related to Prevention of Desertification in Arid Area of Northwest China

CHEN Meng-xiong（Ministry of Land and Resources, Beijing 100812, China）　

Abstract：The enormous inland basins in northwest China, mainly consisting of Zhungeer basin, Talimu basin, Chaitamu basin and Hexi Corridor, are known as typical Gobi Desert area occupying a dimension nearly 25 % of the whole territory. All the streams draining from the mountain area flow into the piedmont plain and become as the main water resources of the cultivated area so called "Oasis" like a green island in the central part of the basin. However, since 1950's, the hydrologic situation is already strongly affected by human activities, resulting in serious deterioration of the ecologic environment. This paper focuses on the variation of the hydrologic system due to the impact of human activities in relation to ecologic environments with special reference to the evolution of desertification in the arid area.
Keywords：hydrologic system; surface runoff; groundwater; oasis; desertification; basin system;hydrogeologic zonation; eco-environment